What technique is used to obtain samples for evaluation of the trachea and bronchi?

The transtracheal wash technique is specifically designed to collect samples from the trachea and bronchi for diagnostic evaluation. This technique involves inserting a catheter through the skin in the neck, directly into the trachea, allowing for the retrieval of fluids and cells from the lower airways. By obtaining samples directly from the trachea, clinicians can assess for the presence of infections, inflammatory conditions, or neoplasia, facilitating accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions.

In contrast, bronchoalveolar lavage involves flushing a section of the bronchi and alveoli with a saline solution, typically performed through a bronchoscope. While effective for lower respiratory tract samples, it is more complex and may not always be suitable for all patients, especially those unable to tolerate anesthesia or sedation.

An endoscopic biopsy is primarily used to obtain tissue samples from visible lesions or suspected tumors found during endoscopy procedures but does not specifically target the larger airways like the trachea.

Tracheostomy, although related to the airway, is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the neck for breathing assistance, rather than a method specifically for obtaining diagnostic samples.