What is the significance of "spindle cells" in cytology?

Spindle cells are elongated, fusiform cells often observed in various tissue types. Their significance in cytology primarily relates to their association with mesenchymal tumors, particularly sarcomas. These tumors arise from connective tissues, such as bone, fat, and muscle, and spindle cells are often a hallmark of their presence.

In findings where spindle cells are noted, they are indicative of growth patterns seen in sarcomatous lesions rather than inflammatory or healing processes. Their morphology—elongated and tapering forms—suggests an abnormal proliferation, prompting further investigation to rule out malignancies.

While spindle cells can occasionally be present in reactive or inflammatory processes, their predominant association with sarcomas is crucial for diagnosis. Therefore, identifying spindle cells in cytological samples often raises suspicion for neoplastic processes, particularly those that are mesenchymal in origin. This makes the interpretation of spindle cells in cytology important for accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment planning.