What does a "high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion" (HSIL) indicate?

A high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) indicates significant cervical dysplasia that may progress to cancer. This designation arises from cytological evaluations of cervical cells, where HSIL is characterized by abnormal changes in squamous cells, often due to persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). The presence of HSIL is considered critical in gynecological screening and diagnostic processes because it signifies a precursor state to cervical cancer, warranting further investigation and intervention, such as colposcopy or biopsy.

In this context, HSIL is a key indicator in identifying patients who are at increased risk for developing cervical carcinoma, so prompt management is essential to prevent the progression to malignancy. The term underscores the importance of early detection and intervention in cervical health.